The protracted neutropenia generated by myeloablative and immunosuppressive conditioning regimens, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are at a high risk for infection. Prophylaxis with antibiotics should be explored in patients at high risk for neutropenia, including those getting stem cell transplants, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Antibacterial prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones should be considered for highrisk patients who are expected to have prolonged and profound neutropenia duration and/or at the time of transplant, according to guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Fluoroquinolones are the most extensively utilised antibacterial medication to prevent infection in neutropenic or likely to be neutropenic patients after myelosuppressive chemotherapy because of their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.