Bone marrow aspirates (BMA) have become an increasingly popular therapeutic source for regenerative medicine due to the relative ease and safety associated with collection. Often harvested from the iliac crest, bone marrow aspirates are one of the few means of acquiring progenitor cells and high concentrations of growth factors for use in tissue engineering and repair studie. Bone marrow aspirates are heterogeneous mixtures containing tissue fragments, peripheral blood, mononuclear cells, and platelets and hematopoetic stem cells (HSCs). Much of the regenerative potential of BMA is afforded by the growth factors rather than the stem cells, as is often thought, as these HSCs are too naive, and don’t receive the requisite signaling to mature into effector cells, when harvested and reinjected into the patient. Minimal manipulation techniques using gradient centrifugation have been developed to create bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), which can contribute to the regenerative process by acting as an “irritant”, which is capable to stimulating or boosting immune system activation