Postoperative and Rehabilitation Outcome after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Elderly
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In the last decade, postoperative management and rehabilitation of patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has been one of the main endpoints in several research studies. Recent data underline that the urgency and type of procedure (open surgery or endovascular repair) are determining factors for postoperative outcomes after AAA repair, especially in the elderly [1]. Regarding the urgency of the operation, recent data show that inhospital deaths are significantly higher in octogenarians during an emergency AAA repair in comparison to elective cases [2]. However, a high percentage of survivors over 80 years of age are able to maintain their previous lifestyles with the independent activities of everyday life. AAA surgical treatment in octogenarians has comparable results with younger patients, in either elective or emergency settings [2]. Regarding the type of AAA repair, patients undergoing EVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) show lower in-hospital mortality, a shorter hospital stay, and a reduced need for institutional rehabilitation, compared to open surgery [3]. Operation time, blood loss and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) are lower after EVAR as well, whereas open surgery and advanced age are independent predictors of need for post discharge care [1,3]. Recovery (activity level and convalescence days following surgery) is more rapid, and early functional outcomes are markedly improved after EVAR, while there is no difference in late functional outcomes between the two types of repair [1,3]. Patients report that health related quality of life after AAA repair is significantly impaired in the early postoperative period, especially for elder patients [4]. Patients who underwent EVAR and have limited complications should be able to proceed with exercise recommendations as outlined by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) [5]. These guidelines were updated in 2007 to include either moderate or vigorous aerobic exercise, strength, and balance exercise, as well as a consistent physical activity plan.