Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is an extremely rare tumor, which is usually associated with nephrolithiasis and also rarely associated with pyonephrosis,1 representing only 0.5 - 15% of all urological malignancies. The diagnosis of renal SCC is usually unsuspected due to the rarity and inconclusive clinical and radiological features; hence the prognosis is very poor, we are reporting a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in a 35-year-old female who presented with the right sided abdomen pain for 1 year and intermittent fever and lump right lumbar region for 6 months. The patient was treated with simple nephrectomy for Pyonephrosis, histopathological evaluation reported unsuspected well differentiated squamous cell renal carcinoma.