The Diagnostic and Predictive Role of Ankle-Brachial Index in Clinical Practice

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been associated with specific risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as previous coronary and cerebrovascular disease . Data show that the distribution, extent, and progression of PAD are influenced by cardiovascular risk factors although the findings are not consistent . PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, rising >10% among patients in their 60s and 70s . With aging of the global population, it seems likely that PAD will be increasingly common in the future. Additionally, symptomatic PAD events have been strongly associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events . Therefore, proper clinical evaluation and early diagnosis is imperative.