In the past five years, many patients with neurotology and lateral skull base disease were treated in our department, including tumor, facial nerve palsy, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, etc. and some papers had been published according to the experience of our team. I would like discuss this interesting problem with the aid of this journal. The anatomical structure of the lateral skull base is very complicated, that supports the brain upwards and connects the neck downwards and a large number of important structures pass through the region, including facial nerve, carotid artery, bulb of jugular vein, dura and the inner ear. The lesions in the area of the lateral skull base mainly include tumors, chronic inflammation and trauma such as acoustic neuroma, intracranial and extracranial complications of otitis media, facial paralysis or cerebrospinal fluid leakage otorrhea resulted from temporal bone fracture. The lesions of the Lateral skull base may damage the bone structure of the skull base and destruct the closed cranial cavity even invade intracranially. The blood vessels, nerves, hearing and vestibular organs can be affected. The serious consequences resulted from the above damage include massive hemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid leakage otorrhea, facial paralysis even intracranial complications. At present, the surgical treatment is the main method for the lateral skull base lesions. Because of the much important structures passed through the region, the selection of the surgical approach and appropriate reconstruction methods is very important to remove the lesion and improve the prognosis.